{"id":6927,"date":"2023-08-16T14:54:40","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T13:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/vase-srdce\/co-je-srdecni-onemocneni\/"},"modified":"2023-08-16T14:54:40","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T13:54:40","slug":"co-je-srdecni-onemocneni","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/cs\/vase-srdce\/co-je-srdecni-onemocneni\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>KVO jsou poruchy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/your-heart\/how-does-the-heart-work\/\">srdce a krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v<\/a>. Zahrnuj\u00ed aterosklerotick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch jsou krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy postupn\u011b ucp\u00e1v\u00e1ny tukov\u00fdmi usazeninami naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi aterosklerotick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty \u010di plaky (t\u00e9\u017e aterom). Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy aterosklerotick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, podle toho, kter\u00e9 c\u00e9vy jsou ucpan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Koron\u00e1rn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 jako je srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt \u2013 postihuje koron\u00e1rn\u00ed tepny, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed krv\u00ed srdce.<\/li>\n<li>Cerebrovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 jako je mrtvice \u2013 postihuje c\u00e9vy p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed krev do mozku.<\/li>\n<li>Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed perifern\u00edch tepen postihuje c\u00e9vy p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed krev do doln\u00edch kon\u010detin.<\/li>\n<li>Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed typy KVO pat\u0159\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159i kter\u00e9m srdce nen\u00ed schopno spr\u00e1vn\u011b pumpovat), onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Definice<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-694 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-endpoint-prev.azureedge.net\/healthy-heart\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-350x350.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-439x439.jpg 439w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-1026729722-1-464x464.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><br \/>\nKVO zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed aterosklerotick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed: koron\u00e1rn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt), cerebrovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (mrtvice) a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed perifern\u00edch tepen, kter\u00e9 postihuje doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny.<\/p>\n<p>Ateroskler\u00f3za je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vysokou hladinou cholesterolu, zejm\u00e9na \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9ho\u201c LDL cholesterolu. Cholesterol se hromad\u00ed ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v, zp\u016fsobuje z\u00e1n\u011bt a hromad\u011bn\u00ed aterom\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (sten\u00f3ze) c\u00e9v. \u010c\u00edm u\u017e\u0161\u00ed jsou c\u00e9vy, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b krve m\u016f\u017ee prot\u00e9kat. To m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit p\u0159eru\u0161ovanou bolest nohou p\u0159i ch\u016fzi, pokud jsou posti\u017eeny tepny doln\u00edch kon\u010detin. Kdy\u017e se zmen\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fchodnost c\u00e9v z\u00e1sobuj\u00edc\u00edch srdce, m\u016f\u017ee to p\u016fsobit bolest na hrudi, tlak nebo sv\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed na hrudi \u2013 tento stav se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 angina pectoris. Pokud dojde k siln\u00e9mu nebo \u00fapln\u00e9mu ucp\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9v z\u00e1sobuj\u00edc\u00edch srdce pl\u00e1tem, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k srde\u010dn\u00edmu infarktu (infarkt myokardu).<\/p>\n<p>KVO lze p\u0159edch\u00e1zet nebo je l\u00e9\u010dit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/your-heart\/encouraging-a-healthy-lifestyle\/\">dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu <\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/living-with-heart-disease\/types-of-medication\/\">u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm vhodn\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f <\/a> a\/nebo operativn\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdskyt<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-719\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-endpoint-prev.azureedge.net\/healthy-heart\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-350x350.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-350x350.png 350w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-439x439.png 439w, https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571-464x464.png 464w, https:\/\/cdn-endpoint-prev.azureedge.net\/healthy-heart\/2019\/07\/iStock-457380571.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>KVO jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i miliony \u00famrt\u00ed. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 45 % v\u0161ech \u00famrt\u00ed. KVO zp\u016fsobuje 49 % \u00famrt\u00ed u \u017een a 40 % \u00famrt\u00ed u mu\u017e\u016f. Ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed (ICHS, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm infarkt myokardu) a cerebrovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edhoda) jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. ICHS zp\u016fsobuje 1,8 milionu \u00famrt\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jednomu z p\u011bti v\u0161ech \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly ve v\u00fdskytu KVO. V posledn\u00edch 10 letech do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu KVO t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch a\u017e o 30\u201350 %. Dnes je celkov\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e KVO v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v zem\u00edch v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost i nemocnost. Zmen\u0161ily se rozd\u00edly mezi severem a jihem.<\/p>\n<p>Pokles KVO je patrn\u00fd jak u mu\u017e\u016f, tak u \u017een. V\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdsledek lep\u0161\u00ed prevence KVO sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/predicting-managing-risk-of-heart-disease\/\">rizikov\u00e9 faktory kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob<\/a> u zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed i pacient\u016f s KVO.<\/p>\n<p>Ne u v\u0161ech rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f v\u0161ak pozorujeme p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd trend. Kles\u00e1 obl\u00edbenost <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/smoking\/\">kou\u0159en\u00ed<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/cholesterol\/\">hladina cholesterolu<\/a> v krvi, naopak st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/keeping-a-healthy-weight\/\">nadv\u00e1hou<\/a> a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdskyt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/diabetes\/\">cukrovky <\/a> se zvy\u0161uje, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zastavit trend sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob. Psychosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/stress-and-sleep\/\">stres<\/a>, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee projevit jako deprese, \u00fazkost \u010di syndrom vyho\u0159en\u00ed, je nyn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd faktor vedouc\u00ed k v\u00fdskytu a zhor\u0161en\u00ed progn\u00f3zy KVO. M\u00edra tohto stresu ve spole\u010dnosti nekles\u00e1.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>KVO se d\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zet: odstran\u011bn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed rizikov\u00e9ho pro zdrav\u00ed by se mohlo zabr\u00e1nit minim\u00e1ln\u011b 80 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f KVO.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem boje proti KVO je tedy prevence, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00edm a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edhod\u00e1m. Jeden z p\u011bti pacient\u016f s infarktem m\u00e1 druh\u00fd infarkt b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho roku. Zdravotn\u00edci a pacienti mohou spolupracovat na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/living-with-heart-disease\/risk-factors-for-a-second-heart-attack\/\">prevenci prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody<\/a>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad mnoho pacient\u016f s infarktem m\u00e1 nediagnostikovanou cukrovku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e, pokud by byla nalezena a l\u00e9\u010dena v\u010das, mohlo by se infarktu zabr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n<p>Zjist\u011bte, jak\u00e9 kroky m\u016f\u017eete podniknout k <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/keep-your-heart-healthy\/keeping-healthy-habits\/\">prevenci KVO<\/a> a \u010deho m\u016f\u017eete dos\u00e1hnout spole\u010dn\u011b se sv\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i a sestrami.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KVO jsou poruchy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se srdce a krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v. Zahrnuj\u00ed aterosklerotick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch jsou krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy postupn\u011b ucp\u00e1v\u00e1ny tukov\u00fdmi usazeninami naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi aterosklerotick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty \u010di plaky (t\u00e9\u017e aterom). Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy aterosklerotick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, podle toho, kter\u00e9 c\u00e9vy jsou ucpan\u00e9. Koron\u00e1rn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 jako je srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt \u2013 postihuje koron\u00e1rn\u00ed tepny, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed krv\u00ed srdce. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6936,"parent":6903,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6927","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vase-srdce"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed - Healthy-Heart.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v, jako jsou aterosklerotick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt, mrtvice, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed chlopn\u00ed a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy-heart.org\/cs\/vase-srdce\/co-je-srdecni-onemocneni\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Srde\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed - 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